Demonstrative Pronouns (This, That, These, Those) - Ko‘rsatish olmoshlari
Demonstrative pronouns — shaxslarni, narsalarni yoki predmetlarni ko‘rsatish uchun ishlatiladigan olmoshlar hisoblanadi. Ingliz tilida to‘rtta asosiy ko‘rsatish olmoshi mavjud: this,that, these va those.
1. Qisqacha jadval
| Olmosh | Tarjimasi | Masofa | Son |
|---|---|---|---|
| This | Bu, shu | Yaqin | Birlik |
| That | U, o‘sha | Uzoq | Birlik |
| These | Bular, shular | Yaqin | Ko‘plik |
| Those | Ular, o‘sha | Uzoq | Ko‘plik |
2. Qachon ishlatiladi?
a) Masofa bo‘yicha
This / These — suhbatlashayotgan odamga yaqin narsalar.
That / Those — suhbatlashayotgan odamdan uzoq narsalar.
b) Vaqt bo‘yicha
This / These — hozirgi yoki yaqinda bo‘lib o‘tgan voqealar. That / Those — uzoq vaqt oldingi voqealar.
Misollar:
- I remember those days when we were at school. (Uzoq vaqt oldin)
- This morning is beautiful. (Hozirgi vaqt)
3. Pronoun vs Demonstrative adjective
Pronoun — mustaqil ishlatiladi (ot o‘rnida): This is my car.
Adjective — otni aniqlaydi (otdan oldin keladi): This car is mine.
4. Ko‘p uchraydigan xatolar
❌ These is my books. → ✅ These are my books.
❌ That are nice shoes. → ✅ Those are nice shoes.
6. Xulosa
Demonstrative pronouns gapda narsaning masofasini va sonini bildiradi. This/These — yaqin,That/Those — uzoq. Birinchi jumlada aniq va qisqa javob berish muhim.